What are 5 Main Components of Climate System?

                                      

Climate is define as, "the weather pattern in a certain area for over a long period of time." While Climate System means certain components of climate, when interact with each other on the presence of external forces, making a change internally, inside the Earth.

5  MAIN COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE SYSTEM ARE,

1) Biosphere

2) Atmosphere

3) Lithosphere

4) Cryosphere

5) Hydrosphere

1) BIOSPHERE

Bio means life. This sphere includes all kinds of life present on earth. All plants, animals, microbes, microorganisms and single celled organisms are in this sphere. The life which is on land, on oceans, on the atmosphere on hills and on mountains-all makes a biosphere. It is sometimes called as ecosphere. 

Biosphere is further divided into biomes, ecosystem, community, population and organisms.

a) Biomes

A biome is a large community, where different vegetation and wildlife flourish, and those vegetations and wildlife are native to that place only. According to United Nation Environmental Programme (UNEP), a biome is a totally different area mainly characterized by its climate, major biological communities and a dominant vegetation. Biomes are further classified into five major subgroups, including aquatic, grassland, forest, desert and tundra. Read more about biomes and its types here in detail.

b) Ecosystem

An ecosystem is any geographic area where both the biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms), and abiotic factors (soil, rocks, weather & climate) interact with each other in order to form a life. Ecosystems provides different services for the humanity. Food, shelter, water and timber are basic necessities human received from the ecosystem. Ecosystem can be as large as forests and as small as the little fish pound. There are various threats to the ecosystem due to anthropogenic activities, You can read more about the Ecosystem here.

c) Community

The population of a different species living together in a particular area, is called as community.

You can read the history of biosphere here.

2) ATMOSPHERE

Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth. It includes all the gases, their chemical composition and the substances that are suspended in the atmosphere. suspended substance includes water droplets, aerosol particles and ice particles (clouds  and precipitation) and dust particles., Earth 's atmosphere is approximately 300 miles thick. Air pressure decreases with the increase in altitudes and also there will be less oxygen to breath as altitude increases.

The atmosphere is further divided into five main layers, the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.

a) Troposphere

Troposphere starts from the earth surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometer (reference : NASA). It is considered as the densest part of the atmosphere and almost all of our weather is present in this sphere. The air is warmer near the ground and gets colder when we goes up. All the water vapors are present in this sphere so do the clouds formed here. The boundary of troposphere is called tropopause.

b) Stratosphere

The next part of the atmosphere is stratosphere and it is extended to 50 kilometer above the troposphere (Ref: NASA) . The air is very thin in this sphere as compared to the troposphere. The Aeroplan's and Air Balloon's fly in this sphere as they can move smoothly without air resistance. 

c) Mesosphere

Above stratosphere, lies a mesosphere, which is extended to 85 kilometers (Ref: NASA). It is considered as the coldest sphere in atmosphere, the temperature falls up to minus 90 C. The meteors (falling stars) burns up in this sphere. Most of its part is hidden from our knowledge, as scientist doesn't really know about it, the jets and balloons doesn't fly high and the space shuttles orbits too high. But NASA's mission on the exploration of mesosphere is currently underway. You can read about the mission towards mesosphere here.

d) Thermosphere

The thermosphere starts above the mesopause and is extended to 600 kilometers (Ref: NASA). The temperature in this sphere dramatically increase as it is directly expose to the sun, both long and short wavelengths rays hit this sphere, raising its temperature up to 2,700 degree Fahrenheit. Within Thermosphere there is another sphere called Ionosphere, where the ions are formed. The ionosphere overlaps both the mesosphere and thermosphere, and there is no any specific measurements, because it grows and shrinks, based on the availability of rays from the sun. Also, this sphere makes the radio communication possible.

e) Exosphere

Exosphere is the region where we enter into the space. It extends from the Thermos pause (upper most end of thermosphere) until thousands of kilometers.

3) LITHOSPHERE

Lithosphere represents the land portion of our Earth. According to Nation Geographic, the lithosphere contains the upper part of mantle and of the whole crust. Below the lithosphere, the rocks melt due to the presence of high temperature and push the upper solid part of the lithosphere moves, this is what known as the the rotation of earth. The warmest zone is known as Asthenosphere. The volcanic eruptions, continental drifts and earthquakes are due consider as the major activities of this zone.

you can read more about lithosphere here

4) CRYOSPHERE

The cryosphere encompasses the Earth's frozen realms, including glaciers, ice caps, snow cover, and permafrost. This frozen landscape plays a crucial role in regulating global climate by reflecting sunlight and maintaining Earth's temperature balance. As temperatures rise due to climate change, the cryosphere faces unprecedented challenges. Melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, impacting coastal communities and ecosystems. Embracing sustainable practices, like reducing greenhouse gas emissions, is essential to safeguarding the cryosphere's beauty and preserving its vital role in maintaining the planet's equilibrium.

5) HYDROSPHERE

Dive into the hydrosphere, where the Earth's vast water bodies come to life. Oceans, lakes, rivers, and even underground aquifers are part of this dynamic system that sustains life on our planet. From regulating temperature to providing habitat for countless species, the hydrosphere is essential to biodiversity and ecosystem health. However, human activities like pollution and over-extraction are placing this delicate balance at risk. By adopting sustainable water management practices, conserving water resources, and supporting initiatives that protect marine life, we can ensure the longevity and vitality of the hydrosphere for generations to come.